Canada
Ottawa, North America
Living in Canada: the short version
Canada has long been one of the most immigration-friendly rich countries, with a points-based Express Entry system and provincial programmes. It has recently lowered some immigration targets and faces a housing shortage, so costs in Toronto and Vancouver are high.
Best for: Skilled workers with good English or French, graduates, and families planning long-term settlement.
Why people move here
- Clear points-based routes to permanent residence
- Public healthcare for residents
- Multicultural cities and high quality of life
What to watch out for
- Toronto and Vancouver housing is very expensive
- Long, cold winters in most of the country
- Immigration targets and rules have tightened recently
How to move to Canada: main visa and residency routes
Summaries only β requirements and income thresholds change. Always check the official sources below.
- Express Entry
- Points-based system for skilled workers that leads directly to permanent residence.
- Provincial Nominee Programs
- Each province nominates immigrants to fill local labour needs.
- Employer-specific work permit
- Usually requires a Labour Market Impact Assessment by the employer.
- International Experience Canada
- Working holiday permits for young people from partner countries.
Healthcare for newcomers
Provinces run public health insurance for residents; some provinces have a waiting period for newcomers. Prescription drugs and dental care are often not covered.
How Canada compares
Calculated from our data for all 55 countries. How we calculate this
- Cost of living rank
- 11th most expensive of 55
- Single person, core costs
- $2,140/mo
- Family of four, core costs
- $4,097/mo
- Take-home on $60,000
- $44,911/yr
- Renting a one-bedroom home takes about 33% of the average local salary in Canada, less than the median of 36% across the countries we cover.
- Core monthly costs for one person (rent, groceries, transport, utilities, internet and eating out) come to about $2,140, or 54% of the average local monthly salary.
- On a gross salary of $60,000 taxed locally, our estimate leaves $44,911 a year after income tax and employee social security (an effective rate of 25%), the 22nd highest take-home pay of 55 countries. After single-person core costs, that leaves roughly $19,231 a year to save or spend.
- Countries with a similar overall cost of living: Sweden, Japan, France.
- Cheaper options in North America: Mexico.
Estimates for planning, using simplified national tax brackets in US dollars; local taxes, deductions and your own spending will differ. Try your own numbers in the tax calculator or budget planner.
Our guides to Canada
- Moving to Canada: Immigration Guide 2026 Β· Immigration
Cost of Living
Cost of living index: 72 (NYC = 100)
Rent (1BR)
$1300
Rent (3BR)
$2400
Groceries
$350
Transport
$90
Utilities
$140
Internet
$60
Dining Out
$200
Tax System
Corporate Tax
26.5%
VAT / Sales Tax
5%
Social Security
5.95%
Capital Gains
26.8%
Income Tax Brackets
| Income Range (USD) | Tax Rate |
|---|---|
| $0 - $11,000 | 0% |
| $11,001 - $41,900 | 20% |
| $41,901 - $83,800 | 29.5% |
| $83,801 - $129,900 | 35% |
| $129,901 - $185,000 | 40% |
| $185,001 - Above | 46% |
Culture
Canadian culture is defined by multiculturalism, politeness, and a deep connection to nature. The country embraces bilingualism and diversity as core national values.
Traditions
- Canada Day
- Thanksgiving
- Winterlude
- Calgary Stampede
Cultural Values
- Multiculturalism
- Politeness
- Inclusivity
- Environmental stewardship
Common Greeting: Hello! / Bonjour!
Cultural Tips
- β’ Canadians are known for being polite and apologetic
- β’ French is essential in Quebec for daily life
- β’ Tipping 15-20% is expected at restaurants
- β’ Hockey is the national passion
π½ Food & Cuisine
Canadian cuisine features multicultural influences with iconic dishes like poutine, butter tarts, and world-class seafood from both coasts.
Poutine
French fries topped with cheese curds and brown gravy
Butter Tarts
Flaky pastry filled with buttery, sugary filling
Montreal Smoked Meat
Spiced, smoked beef brisket served on rye bread
Nanaimo Bars
Layered no-bake dessert with chocolate, custard, and coconut
Sources and methodology
Figures on this page are estimates in US dollars, compiled from the international datasets below and converted at recent exchange rates. The cost of living index uses New York City as 100. Guidance was last reviewed on . Found something out of date? Tell us.
Official Canada sources
Data sources
- PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries β individual income tax
- Numbeo β cost of living (crowdsourced prices)
- World Bank Open Data β economic and population indicators
- OECD Tax Database β tax rates and social contributions
- ILOSTAT β employment and unemployment
- UNDP Human Development Reports β health and education
- UN World Population Prospects β population
Quality of Life
Job Market
Average Annual Salary
$48,000
Job Difficulty
Moderate
Unemployment Rate
5.4%
Work Permit Required
Yes
Top Industries
Languages
Official Languages